Multiplexing in Motorsport: The Invisible Technology That Changes Everything

In the world of motorsport, performance doesn’t rely solely on engine power or aerodynamic efficiency. Embedded technologies play a fundamental role — and among them, one innovation stands out for being both discreet and essential: multiplexing.

Behind this somewhat technical term lies a true revolution in the way race cars — and by extension, professional simulators — manage commands, reliability, and ergonomics. Here’s how.

What Is Multiplexing?

Multiplexing is a data transmission technique that allows multiple signals or inputs to travel through a single communication line. In a traditional cockpit, each button, encoder, or switch requires its own dedicated wire. In racing conditions, that quickly means dozens — even hundreds — of individual wires.

With multiplexing, all of these components are connected to an intelligent central unit, which communicates with the ECU via a digital bus (such as the CAN bus, a standard in the automotive industry). The result: a single cable is enough to transmit all the data from the steering wheel to the car’s onboard system.

Why Is Multiplexing Essential in Racing?

🎯 1. Lighter Wiring System

By eliminating dozens of cables, multiplexing significantly reduces the weight and bulk of the electrical harness. In motorsport, where every gram matters, this weight saving contributes directly to overall performance.

🧩 2. More Functions, No Constraints

A Formula E or endurance racing wheel can feature over 20 controls: push buttons, rotary encoders, multifunction paddles… Multiplexing allows far more controls to be integrated without making the system heavier or more complex.

🛡️ 3. Enhanced Reliability

Fewer cables also mean fewer failure points. Vibration, heat, or connection errors can compromise a traditional wiring system. A multiplexed solution is cleaner, easier to maintain, and more robust under extreme conditions.

🔧 4. Modular and Future-Proof

Thanks to its flexible architecture, a multiplexed steering wheel is easy to upgrade. Adding a new function or reprogramming an encoder doesn’t require rewiring the entire system. A huge time-saver for engineers, especially during tight development cycles.

Smarter Race Management

Multiplexing isn’t just a technical win — it also redefines strategic race control.

Today’s driver manages far more than just steering and braking:

• Engine mapping

• Energy-saving modes

• DRS or Push-to-Pass systems

• Radio communication

• Real-time adjustments to differentials, regeneration, and more

Having all these controls at the driver’s fingertips — in a compact, lightweight, and responsive wheel — is crucial. Multiplexing makes this possible by providing instant, intuitive access to every function, without compromising the wheel’s design or ergonomics.

Real-World Example: A Formula 1 Steering Wheel

Let’s take a Formula 1 steering wheel as an example. It typically includes:

• 10 - 15 push buttons

• 2 or 4 rotary encoders

• 2 to 4 thumbwheels

• Paddle shifters

• A built-in display

• An LED system

• A microphone for radio

Without multiplexing, each of these components would require its own wire — creating a dense, fragile harness that’s difficult to fit into a compact racing wheel. With multiplexing, everything is managed by an onboard microcontroller, transmitting data via a single cable, usually with a quick-release connector.

The result? A highly functional steering wheel that remains lightweight, reliable, and easy to service between races.

What About Sim Racing?

At P1SIM, we bring this motorsport-grade technology to our professional sim racing wheels, such as the Eau Rouge Apex and the Beau Rivage. Why? Because high-end Sim Racing demands the same level of precision and reliability.

Thanks to multiplexing:

• You can map infinite functions on a single wheel

• You get a clean, clutter-free design — Less buttons

• Every input is transmitted with real-time responsiveness

• You benefit from hardware built to professional motorsport standards

Conclusion: Discreet Tech, Major Impact

Multiplexing is the perfect example of a technology that may be invisible to the driver — yet is essential to their performance. It empowers engineers to create increasingly complex and powerful steering wheels without compromising on ergonomics, durability, or simplicity.

Whether in F1, endurance racing, Formula E, or advanced simulation environments, multiplexing has become a modern standard — and will likely be at the heart of every smart cockpit, both real and virtual, in the years to come.

🔧 At P1SIM, we believe a great racing wheel should be as intelligent as it is intuitive.

That’s why every detail matters — even the ones you don’t see.